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The call of offshore development
- By Tony Baer
- February 28, 2003
The rise of the global economy has cleared the way for
industries to migrate to regions with the right infrastructures, skill bases and
costs for their business model. But despite all the political slogans, when all
the transportation, communications and institutional links are in place, moving
jobs, industry and capital will be hard to resist.
One of the most startling examples of this new global portability is the ease
with which some manufacturers are moving from Northern Mexico -- long considered
a pretty cheap place to do business -- to China, which is cheaper.
With the explosion of global bandwidth, IT outsourcing has embraced offshore
strategies, with India currently in the lead. Despite the recession, Indian
offshore firms like Infosys, Wipro and Cognizant have grown by more than 25% in
the past year. And the new software development centers aren't just cheaper. In
many cases, their quality and disciplines are also superior.
Understandably, offshore outsourcing leaves IT organizations uneasy.
Developers and admins are leery about sharing knowledge that might put them out
of a job.
Does offshore outsourcing necessarily amount to a zero-sum game for IT
professionals? Obviously, the answers vary by organization, but firms embracing
offshore strategies simply for cost savings are likely to get what they pay for:
short-term savings, long-term brain drain. According to Deb Mukherjee, CTO at
Cognizant, professionals skilled in newer technologies such as Java, .NET or XML
should remain in demand by employers, primarily to handle high-end architecture
and prototyping.
Internal development teams might even learn something about life-cycle
management from the newcomers; many offshore players have already been certified
at Level 5 of the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), a benchmark for software
process discipline.
Outsourcing gained a bad rap during the last recession, as Fortune 500
companies boasted to shareholders of shedding their IT organizations to the
IBMs, EDSs and CSCs of the world. Those deals were plagued by rigid, long-term
contracts that left little or no incentive to modernize technology or improve
service levels, as well as poor productivity due to diminished staff
loyalty.
The lessons this time around include better contracts and staff retention,
plus all the usual things that accompany a large project: top management support
backed by a vision, strategy and specific goals. Start with a pilot, and once it
is scaled up, require the offshore firm to permanently station project
coordinators on site.
But there are some real challenges. According to Cognizant's Mukherjee, one
hurdle is communicating the vision and goals of top management to the middle
level. That is crucial, he says, because line managers are not necessarily privy
to the big picture, and they are the link to gaining grassroots buy-in.
Change management and training are also vital for managing project scope,
knowledge transfer, organizational role changes and internal process changes.
Furthermore, retained staff may require new technical or organizational skills,
especially if they are to benefit from the offshore firm's process
expertise.
Last, but definitely not least, communicate -- in the absence of information,
human nature always expects the worst. Start by talking about the impact on
jobs. Unless the existing internal staff is highly dysfunctional, organizations
are best advised to retain as much internal wisdom as possible. And compared to
continuing internal development or hiring a domestic outsourcer, offshore
programs could actually save some jobs by stretching IT dollars.
Any strategy has potential pitfalls, and offshore outsourcing is no
exception. The biggest is communications. For instance, while global backbones
are abundant, phone connections are sometimes flaky. The more serious problems,
however, may be cultural. ''The meanings of words may differ sometimes,''
noted Mukherjee. One example is the sense of urgency someone must convey
when they ask if a task can be done by a specific day. Unless it is spelled out,
offshore developers might not realize the firmness of the deadline and simply
give it only their best efforts.
Like any strategy, offshore outsourcing can backfire.
But if it is planned properly, offshore outsourcing does not necessarily have to
degenerate into a win/lose proposition for developers.
About the Author
Tony Baer is principal with onStrategies, a New York-based consulting firm, and editor of Computer Finance, a monthly journal on IT economics. He can be reached via
e-mail at [email protected].